Be Smart • 2:20 • intermediate • Science
Q1. At what age do children start to forget early-life memories according to the video?
6 words to learn — tap cards to flip and save favorites.
/ˌnjʊəroʊˈsaɪəntɪsts/
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Definition
Scientists who study the structure and function of the nervous system and brain.
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Neuroscientists are exploring how memories are formed and stored in the brain.
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/ˌhɪpəˈkæmpəs/
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A region of the brain that is associated with memory and learning.
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Damage to the hippocampus can lead to difficulties in forming new memories.
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/ˈnjʊəroʊnz/
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Nerve cells that transmit information throughout the body.
Example
Neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals.
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/ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/
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To build or form again something that has been damaged or destroyed.
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The archaeologists worked to reconstruct the ancient city from the ruins.
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/ˈæksɛst/
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To obtain or make use of something, especially information or data.
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The researchers accessed the data from the previous studies to support their findings.
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/rɪˈkruːt/
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To enlist or hire new members or participants.
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The organization is looking to recruit volunteers for their upcoming event.
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What’s the earliest memory you have? I've got bad news: It’s probably fake… According to neuroscientists, anyone who says they remember being a baby is probably lying (but they don’t even know it) So what’s going on? Psychologists did an
experiment where they interviewed 3-year-olds about real stuff: Zoo trips, the first day of preschool, that kind of thing. Then they came back years later and asked those kids to recall those memories. Age 5, 6, or 7… remembered 60%
or more of those early-life events. But by age 8 or 9? They only remembered like 40%. Most of that early memory was gone, and it declines quickly from there So you didn't forget being a baby when you were
a baby. You forgot it in like second grade. Researchers from Yale put infant babies in an MRI, which is probably easier said than done, and they showed that a key memory area of the brain called the hippocampus lights up
when a baby locks in a photo it's never seen before. So our memory is definitely running by about age one. The memories get made. Something is happening to them after. Here’s what we think is going on: During the first
few years of life, that memory region of the brain is being flooded by new growing neurons. This shuffles around the cells that were already there, rewiring the chain of neurons and breaking the old memory. Research in mice suggests
maybe those memories could still be hiding in there, but just can’t be accessed. When scientists zapped the original neurons with light in mice, some early memories came back. But we’ve never tested the same thing in humans. Because it
turns out to be hard to recruit people to get fiber optic cables shoved in their brains. Why would a brain do this? When you’re like one, you don’t need to remember specific events as much as you need to
figure out the rules for things like language and how the physical world works. So your brain focuses its energy on that. Still, nearly forty percent of people say their first memory is from age two or younger. And, somebody's
probably gonna be in the comments telling me that they definitely remember being born. But you probably don't. All this research suggests those are almost certainly reconstructions pieced together from family stories and photos and later memories. So, some version
of you learned language, discovered what gravity was, and all those other things. But sadly, you can never meet that version of yourself. Follow me for more cool science videos.